美国对伊朗的压力旨在牵制购买伊朗90%石油的中方;随着成本上升考验北京,中方领导人警告不要奉行“丛林法则”,而特朗普在关键访华行程前正面临外交风险。在对伊战争持续的40天里,中方保持了相对克制。中方发布了对以色列和美国袭击的谴责,并呼吁保护受伊朗影响的海湾国家,但避免了与华盛顿战略对抗的升级。北京方面没有采取激烈的辞令,也未利用美国资源从东南亚转移的机会增加对中国台湾的压力。据报道,虽然中方参与了停战努力,但主要停留在幕后。在与阿联酋总统会谈的纪要中,中方指出国际法不能有选择地应用,这一表态被广泛认为是指向早前声称可以单方面决定国际法适用性的特朗普。中国外交部明确警告,美国的封锁将升级对抗,并威胁霍尔木兹海峡的航行安全。战争期间,特朗普要求包括中方在内的多国派遣海军力量协助重新开放被伊朗封锁的霍尔木兹海峡,但中方拒绝了这一要求,并继续通过“影子船队”进口石油以规避制裁。据统计,已有超过5800万桶石油通过此种方式运抵。
US pressure on Iran aims to sway China, which buys 90% of its oil; Xi warns of ‘law of the jungle’ as rising costs test Beijing, while Trump risks ties ahead of a key China visitFor 40 days of war with Iran, China remained relatively restrained. It issued condemnations of the Israeli and U.S. strikes and called for protecting Gulf states targeted by Iran, but avoided escalating its strategic rivalry with Washington. Beijing refrained from harsh rhetoric, did not exploit the diversion of U.S. resources from Southeast Asia to increase pressure on Taiwan, and, while reportedly involved in efforts to end the war, stayed largely behind the scenes.5 View gallery Trump and Xi Jinping. The US president is pressing Beijing to use its influence over Tehran (Photo: shutterstock' AFP / JOHN HAMILTON / US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, AP PhotoAlex Brandon8)In comments released as part of a summary of his meeting with UAE President Mohammed bin Zayed, Xi did not directly mention Trump or the United States, but said international law cannot be applied selectively or ignored when it is inconvenient. The remark was widely seen as a pointed reference to Trump, who earlier this year said he does not need international law and would decide when it applies.China’s Foreign Ministry was more explicit, warning that the U.S. blockade would escalate confrontation, increase tensions despite a fragile ceasefire and threaten safe navigation through the Strait of Hormuz.During the war, Trump called on several countries, including China, to send naval forces to help reopen the Strait of Hormuz, a strategic route through which about a fifth of global oil consumption passes and which Iran had blocked as economic leverage. China ignored the call to act against its ally Iran and, unlike many affected countries, continued importing oil as Iranian “shadow fleet” tankers — used for years to evade U.S. sanctions — kept transiting the strait. According to the BBC, more than 58 million barrels of oil have left Iran’s Kharg Island since March 1, most of it bound for China.Trump announced the naval blockade after Iran continued restricting traffic in Hormuz even following a temporary ceasefire. The blockade applies only to Iranian ports, and the United States has also said it would work to clear mines Iran placed in the strait. Still, Iran could target vessels using drones, cruise missiles and fast boats, and without an agreement, shipping is unlikely to fully normalize.The blockade is widely seen as an attempt to pressure China to use its leverage over Tehran. China’s energy sector is highly diversified and largely domestically supplied, allowing it to avoid major economic damage so far despite rising global oil prices. It also maintains strategic reserves estimated to cover at least 100 days.U.S. Navy warns over radio not to breach Iran blockade, says vessels could be seizedHowever, the war’s effects are increasingly being felt in China. Fuel prices have risen, airlines have increased fares du